Overall | North Asia | Southeast Asia | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Self-reported characteristic | EPIC Asia n = 1,841 | China n = 215 | Hong Kong n = 205 | Taiwan n = 207 | Indonesia n = 200 | Malaysia n = 200 | Philippines n = 200 | Singapore n = 200 | Thailand n = 214 | Vietnam n = 200 |
Age (years), % | ||||||||||
40–44 | 26 | 45 | 50 | 46 | 18 | 12 | 16 | 18 | 18 | 10 |
45–49 | 19 | 28 | 28 | 30 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 10 | 14 | 18 |
50–54 | 14 | 9 | 10 | 8 | 18 | 19 | 13 | 9 | 15 | 22 |
55–59 | 11 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 13 | 16 | 14 | 13 | 15 | 15 |
60–64 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 16 | 15 | 19 | 18 | 11 | 12 |
65+ | 20 | 7 | 5 | 9 | 22 | 26 | 23 | 34 | 28 | 25 |
Gender, % | ||||||||||
Female | 56 | 40 | 47 | 60 | 49 | 67 | 63 | 59 | 64 | 60 |
Work status, % | ||||||||||
Employed | 47 | 66 | 75 | 68 | 36 | 31 | 37 | 30 | 40 | 40 |
Smoking, % | ||||||||||
Never smoked on a regular basis | 58 | 45 | 53 | 60 | 53 | 69 | 56 | 68 | 55 | 64 |
COPD prevalence, % | ||||||||||
EPIC Asia | 6.2 | 8.1 | 7.7 | 9.5 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 4.2 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 9.4 |
Prevalence estimation models [20] | 6.3 | 6.5 | 3.5 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 4.7 | 3.5 | 6.3 | 5.0 | 6.7 |
Severe symptomatic phenotype | 19.1 | 13.0 | 16.1 | 24.2 | 20.5 | 12.5 | 13.0 | 20.0 | 15.9 | 37.5 |
Diagnosed vs symptomatic (Mean age of diagnosis/yrs) | 59 vs 41 (44 vs 40) | 72 vs 28 (43 vs 41) | 90 vs 10 (42 vs 42) | 93 vs 7 (43 vs 46) | 60 vs 40 (42 vs 35) | 33 vs 67 (44 vs 40) | 40 vs 60 (46 vs 38) | 19 vs 81 (46 vs 38) | 33 vs 67 (45 vs 41) | 92 vs 8 (50 vs 50) |
MRC dyspnea score (mean) [23] | 2.3 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.5 |
GOLD stage of severity [4], % | ||||||||||
Stage I – Mild | 34.1 | 44.7 | 52.2 | 44.0 | 28.0 | 26.5 | 30.5 | 27.0 | 20.6 | 32.5 |
Stage II – Moderate | 37.9 | 32.1 | 32.2 | 34.8 | 44.0 | 34.0 | 35.5 | 48.5 | 36.0 | 44.5 |
Stage III – Severe | 9.3 | 5.6 | 2.9 | 4.8 | 16.5 | 9.5 | 5.0 | 13.5 | 9.3 | 17.5 |
Stage IV – Very severe | 2.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.5 | <0.5 | 2.5 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 2.0 |
Not diagnosed/not told | 11.2 | 14.4 | 10.2 | 13.5 | 6.5 | 14.5 | 6.5 | 4.5 | 28.0 | 1.5 |
Don’t know | 5.3 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 2.4 | 5.0 | 13.0 | 18.5 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 2.0 |
Other frequent health conditions, % | ||||||||||
None | 45 | 61 | 61 | 63 | 47 | 47 | 29 | 39 | 18 | 40 |
Nasal allergies | 13 | 18 | 20 | 15 | 2 | 3 | 11 | 2 | 32 | 14 |
Arthritis | 11 | 7 | 11 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 19 | 4 | 13 | 24 |
Asthma | 19 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 17 | 21 | 40 | 33 | 48 | 7 |
Diabetes | 10 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 18 | 10 | 24 | 17 | 4 |
Hypertension | 21 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 13 | 23 | 23 | 36 | 42 | 28 |
Heart disease | 5 | <1 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 11 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 5 |
General health status, % | ||||||||||
Excellent | 2 | 2 | <1 | 1 | 9 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 |
Very good | 3 | 9 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 2 | <1 | <1 |
Good | 17 | 17 | 14 | 12 | 13 | 25 | 20 | 19 | 26 | 6 |
Fair | 48 | 61 | 70 | 69 | 33 | 22 | 58 | 33 | 53 | 37 |
Poor | 23 | 9 | 13 | 10 | 35 | 40 | 19 | 15 | 19 | 54 |
Very poor | 6 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 7 | <1 | 32 | 2 | 5 |