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Table 1 Subject demographics

From: Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the Asia-Pacific region: the EPIC Asia population-based survey

 

Overall

North Asia

Southeast Asia

Self-reported characteristic

EPIC Asia n = 1,841

China n = 215

Hong Kong n = 205

Taiwan n = 207

Indonesia n = 200

Malaysia n = 200

Philippines n = 200

Singapore n = 200

Thailand n = 214

Vietnam n = 200

Age (years), %

          

40–44

26

45

50

46

18

12

16

18

18

10

45–49

19

28

28

30

14

14

15

10

14

18

50–54

14

9

10

8

18

19

13

9

15

22

55–59

11

4

4

3

13

16

14

13

15

15

60–64

11

6

2

4

16

15

19

18

11

12

65+

20

7

5

9

22

26

23

34

28

25

Gender, %

          

Female

56

40

47

60

49

67

63

59

64

60

Work status, %

          

Employed

47

66

75

68

36

31

37

30

40

40

Smoking, %

          

Never smoked on a regular basis

58

45

53

60

53

69

56

68

55

64

COPD prevalence, %

          

EPIC Asia

6.2

8.1

7.7

9.5

4.5

5.1

4.2

5.9

5.3

9.4

Prevalence estimation models [20]

6.3

6.5

3.5

5.4

5.6

4.7

3.5

6.3

5.0

6.7

Severe symptomatic phenotype

19.1

13.0

16.1

24.2

20.5

12.5

13.0

20.0

15.9

37.5

Diagnosed vs symptomatic (Mean age of diagnosis/yrs)

59 vs 41 (44 vs 40)

72 vs 28 (43 vs 41)

90 vs 10 (42 vs 42)

93 vs 7 (43 vs 46)

60 vs 40 (42 vs 35)

33 vs 67 (44 vs 40)

40 vs 60 (46 vs 38)

19 vs 81 (46 vs 38)

33 vs 67 (45 vs 41)

92 vs 8 (50 vs 50)

MRC dyspnea score (mean) [23]

2.3

1.8

2.2

2.2

2.6

2.4

2.6

2.4

2.1

2.5

GOLD stage of severity [4], %

          

Stage I – Mild

34.1

44.7

52.2

44.0

28.0

26.5

30.5

27.0

20.6

32.5

Stage II – Moderate

37.9

32.1

32.2

34.8

44.0

34.0

35.5

48.5

36.0

44.5

Stage III – Severe

9.3

5.6

2.9

4.8

16.5

9.5

5.0

13.5

9.3

17.5

Stage IV – Very severe

2.1

0.9

1.0

0.5

<0.5

2.5

4.0

4.0

4.2

2.0

Not diagnosed/not told

11.2

14.4

10.2

13.5

6.5

14.5

6.5

4.5

28.0

1.5

Don’t know

5.3

2.3

1.0

2.4

5.0

13.0

18.5

2.5

1.9

2.0

Other frequent health conditions, %

          

None

45

61

61

63

47

47

29

39

18

40

Nasal allergies

13

18

20

15

2

3

11

2

32

14

Arthritis

11

7

11

6

5

6

19

4

13

24

Asthma

19

1

5

2

17

21

40

33

48

7

Diabetes

10

5

4

4

8

18

10

24

17

4

Hypertension

21

9

8

5

13

23

23

36

42

28

Heart disease

5

<1

2

1

7

11

6

5

8

5

General health status, %

          

Excellent

2

2

<1

1

9

<1

<1

<1

<1

<1

Very good

3

9

2

5

2

6

3

2

<1

<1

Good

17

17

14

12

13

25

20

19

26

6

Fair

48

61

70

69

33

22

58

33

53

37

Poor

23

9

13

10

35

40

19

15

19

54

Very poor

6

2

1

4

8

7

<1

32

2

5

  1. Subjects from each of the nine territories were sampled either by telephone, using random digit dialing (RDD), or face-to-face (FF) interviews in their local language, to identify individuals who had either received a physician diagnosis of COPD or met the symptomatic criteria used (see Methods).
  2. A total of 1,841 subjects completed the study questionnaire for the EPIC Asia survey. All figures are percentages of subjects from the respective territory, with the exception of mean age of COPD diagnosis and mean MRC dyspnea score.